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Coulomb’s
law : Electric
fields
: due
to a point charge : due to a conducting sphere carrying charge Q : inside the sphere
E = 0 outside the sphere
just
outside
a uniformly charged conducting sphere or plate :
1.
An electric field E is a vector 2.
The
electric field strength is directly proportional to the number of electric field
lines per unit cross-sectional area, 3.
The
electric field at the surface of a conductor is perpendicular to the surface. 4.
The
electric field is zero inside a conductor. Suppose
a point charge Q is at A. The
work done in bringing a charge q from infinity to some point a distance r from A
is Electric
potential : due
to a point charge
: due
to a conducting sphere, of radius a, carrying charge Q :
inside the sphere
outside
the sphere
1.
An electric potential is a scalar
quantity. 2.
If the potential at a point is V,
then the potential energy of a charge q at that point is
U = qV 3.
Electric potentials are equal
everywhere inside and on the surface of a conductor. 4.
The electric field lines are
perpendicular to the equipotential lines. Work
done in bringing charge q from A of potential VA to point B of
potential VB
W = q ( VB – VA) Relation
between E and V
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