Transistors

I_E = I_B + I_C   since I_C >> I_B, then I_E  I_C

I_C =β I_B in linear region

Suggested solutions to Exercise (Transistors)

1        2        3        4

Operational amplifiers

A high voltage gain amplifier with high input impedance and low output resistances

V_o = A_o (V₊ - V_-)

Two simple rules for working out op-amp behaviour with external feedback

Rule I   V₊ = V_-

Rule II : I_i = 0

The inverting amplifier  :                 

The non-inverting amplifier  :